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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">3033-5981</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российские социогуманитарные исследования</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Social and Humanitarian Studies</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/3033-5981-2026-18-1-541</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">RWPCAF</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://soc-journal.ru/jour/index.php/mssi/article/view/541</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Эволюция лексического богатства русского языка (корпусное исследование на основе диахронических датасетов национального корпуса русского языка)</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>The evolution of the lexical richness of the Russian language (corpus research based on diachronic datasets from the national corpus of the Russian language)</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Рычкова</surname>
            <given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Рычкова</surname>
              <given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Rychkova</surname>
              <given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>rychkovata@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0342-1308</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57215913998</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABA-4880-2021</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Мурманский арктический университет (Мурманск, Российская Федерация)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Murmansk Arctic University (Murmansk, Russian Federation)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>156</fpage>
      <lpage>181</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-01-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Т.А. Рычкова</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">T.A. Rychkova</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://soc-journal.ru/jour/index.php/mssi/article/view/541">https://soc-journal.ru/jour/index.php/mssi/article/view/541</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Обоснование. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения лексических изменений в русском языке современными методами. Научная новизна работы заключается в разработке и применении комплексных статистических методов для системного количественного анализа русской лексики на основе частотных словарей 1700–1916, 1918–1991 и 1992–2016 г. общим объемом 250 млн. употреблений, что позволило выявить и количественно описать особенности динамики лексического богатства и структуры словарного состава русского языка в диахронической перспективе. Цель – определение особенностей динамики лексического богатства русского языка на основе диахронических датасетов 1700–1916, 1918–1991 и 1992–2016 г. Материалы и методы. Материалы исследования – диахронические датасеты Национального корпуса русского языка 1700–1916, 1918–1991 и 1992–2016 г. Методы – компьютерная обработка корпусов и проверка на соответствие закону Ципфа, расчет индексов Херфиндаля-Хиршмана (HHI), Симпсона, Бергера-Паркера, энтропии Шеннона, коэффициента лексического разнообразия Type-Token Ratio (TTR), статистических значимостей (хи-квадрат) и др. Результаты. Корпусный анализ диахронических данных за периоды 1700–1916, 1918–1991 и 1992–2016 г. выявил снижение общего лексического разнообразия и богатства русского языка от дореволюционного к постсоветскому периоду. Однако это обеднение лексики происходит преимущественно за счет редких и малочастотных слов, в то время как активный словарь, наоборот, расширяется и становится более продуктивным.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Background. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to investigate lexical change in Russian using modern methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development and application of complex statistical models and indices for a systematic quantitative analysis of Russian lexis based on new, previously unexplored material—frequency dictionaries for the periods 1700–1916, 1918–1991, and 1992–2016, with a total size of 250 million tokens. This made it possible to identify and quantitatively describe the dynamics of lexical richness and the structure of the vocabulary in a diachronic perspective. Purpose. To determine the specific features of the dynamics of lexical richness in Russian on the basis of frequency dictionaries for the periods 1700–1916, 1918–1991, and 1992–2016. Materials and methods. The material of the study consists of diachronic datasets of the Russian National Corpus for the periods 1700–1916, 1918–1991, and 1992–2016. The methods include computer-based corpus processing and testing for compliance with Zipf’s law, calculation of the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), Simpson’s index, Berger–Parker index, Shannon entropy, the Type–Token Ratio (TTR) as a coefficient of lexical diversity, chi-square tests of statistical significance, and other related measures. Results. Corpus-based analysis of diachronic data for the periods 1700–1916, 1918–1991, and 1992–2016 revealed a decrease in the overall lexical diversity and richness of Russian from the pre-revolutionary to the post-Soviet period. However, this lexical impoverishment occurs mainly at the expense of rare and low-frequency words, whereas the active vocabulary, by contrast, expands and becomes more productive.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>динамика лексики</kwd>
        <kwd>эволюция лексики</kwd>
        <kwd>лексика русского языка</kwd>
        <kwd>Национальный корпус русского языка</kwd>
        <kwd>диахронические датасеты</kwd>
        <kwd>русский язык дореволюционного периода</kwd>
        <kwd>русский язык советского периода</kwd>
        <kwd>русский язык постсоветского периода</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>lexical dynamics</kwd>
        <kwd>lexical evolution</kwd>
        <kwd>Russian lexis</kwd>
        <kwd>Russian National Corpus</kwd>
        <kwd>diachronic datasets</kwd>
        <kwd>pre-revolutionary Russian</kwd>
        <kwd>Soviet-period Russian</kwd>
        <kwd>post-Soviet Russian</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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